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OSPF虛鏈路 配置實例 + 詳細驗證過程 這個配置將驗證一個OSPF虛電路（Virtual-Link）的過程，重點在觀察虛鏈路連接的臨時網路與正常區域間路由有何區別。上圖中區域4 （area 4）沒有和area 0直接相連。在R2與R3之間配置了一條虛鏈路。 // R1 // int lo0 ip ad 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 int e0 ip ad 192.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 router os 1 network 192.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 // R2 // int lo0 ip ad 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 int e0 ip ad 192.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 int e1 ip ad 193.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 router os 1 network 192.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 193.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 // R3 // int lo0 ip ad 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 int e1 ip ad 193.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 int e0 ip ad 194.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 router os 1 network 193.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 咖啡機 network 194.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4 // R4 // int lo0 ip ad 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0 int e0 ip ad 194.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 router os 1 network 194.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4基本配置完成後，我們在每台路由器上分別來驗證一下： r1#sh ip os nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 2.2.2.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:33 192.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0 r1# r1#sh ip ro 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:19, Ethernet0/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 //注意R1上有關於193.1.1.0的路由條目，是屬於IA類型（域間路由） r2#sh ip os nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time 冷凍冷藏冰箱Address Interface 1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:35 192.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0 3.3.3.3 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:35 193.1.1.3 Ethernet1/0 r2# r2# r2#sh ip ro 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 r3#sh ip os nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:32 193.1.1.2 Ethernet1/0 4.4.4.4 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 194.1.1.4 Ethernet0/0 r3#sh ip ro 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 鼎曜餐飲設備 C 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.2, 00:02:49, Ethernet1/0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 //注意R3中有關於192.1.1.0的路由是屬於IA類型（域間路由） r4#sh ip os nei Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 3.3.3.3 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:33 194.1.1.3 Ethernet0/0 r4#sh ip ro 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 //R4上沒有關於AREA 0內的任何路由資訊我們下面在R2、R3上添加Virtual-link的配置： R2： router os 1 area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 R3: router os 1 area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2 對比之花店前的路由資訊，看有何區別： r1#sh ip ro 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0 //多了一條194網段的路由，類型IA（區域間） r2#sh ip ro 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet1/0 //多了一條194網段路由，類型為IA（區域間） r3#sh ip ro 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.0 is directly 關鍵字connected, Loopback0 C 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O 192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Ethernet1/0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 //R3的192路由原本為IA類型（區域間），現在轉為O類型（區域內），說明R3認為自已與192網段是直連的。虛鏈路相當於將R3直接連接了AREA 0 與 AREA 4區域 r4#sh ip ro 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 194.1.1.3, 00:03:40, Ethernet0/0 O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 194.1.1.3, 00:03:25, Ethernet0/0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 //R4上192路由類型IA（區域間） 最後我們將虛鏈路效果再與正常連接方式進行一下比對，如下圖： 驗證如下： r1#sh ip ro 1.0.0.0/24 is 網站優化subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:41, Ethernet0/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 C 192.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.2.2.4, 00:00:39, Ethernet1/0 r2#sh ip ro 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 O 192.2.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.1, 00:01:04, Ethernet0/0 O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.1.1.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0 r2# r3#sh ip ro 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 搜尋行銷 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.2, 00:01:31, Ethernet1/0 O IA 192.2.2.0/24 [110/30] via 193.1.1.2, 00:01:15, Ethernet1/0 O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/40] via 193.1.1.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet1/0 r4#sh ip ro 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.2.2.1, 00:00:39, Ethernet1/0 O 192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.2.2.1, 00:01:37, Ethernet1/0 C 192.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 r5#sh ip ro 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/40] via 194.1.1.4, 00:00:52, Ethernet0/0 O IA 澎湖民宿192.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 194.1.1.4, 00:00:52, Ethernet0/0 O IA 192.2.2.0/24 [110/20] via 194.1.1.4, 00:00:52, Ethernet0/0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 如果上述方式還不容易理解，你也可以將virtual-link可以想像成：將R2與R3合併成一台路由器，如下圖： r1#sh ip ro 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:57, Ethernet0/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:24, Ethernet0/0 r2#sh ip ro 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 192.1.1.0/24 is directly 婚禮顧問connected, Ethernet0/0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 r3#sh ip ro 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.2, 00:01:06, Ethernet1/0 O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/74] via 193.1.1.2, 00:00:37, Ethernet1/0 r4#sh ip ro 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/74] via 194.1.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial2/0 O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/74] via 194.1.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial2/0 C 194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
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